Remote-control system



,June `29, 1948.

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frz venzion- Zemue ZJ?. reese Patented `lune 29, 1948 `REMOTE-ooN'raoL SYSTEM Lemuel R. Breese, Galion, Ohio, assignor to The North Electric Manufacturing Company, Galion, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application August 7, 1946, serial No. 688,892

9 Claims. (Cl. 17744-353) Vcounting chains are operated synchronously at control and remote locations, or at an office and sub-station over a single signalling channel comprising a single pair of conductors. Since these systems employ for the operation thereof various combinations of impulses without regard to their polarity, theiruse is not limited to a metallic circuit between the locations, but they may be used where the signalling and control channel comprises a radio circuit. While the present invention will be described in conjunction with a metallic fcircuit interconnecting the control location and the remote location, it will be understood that the invention may be practiced using a radio signalling and control channel interconnecting the locations.

Among the objects of my invention are: `To effect simultaneous operation of a plurality of apparatus units, such as valves requiring a substantial time for operation, from one position to the other at a remote location from a control location over a' supervisory control circuit, using synchronously operating relay chains at the locations, the supervisory control circuit being either a metallic circuit or a radio circuit; to indicate at the control location by indicating lamps the position of each apparatus unit, the lighting of the lamps being controlled as a result of the operation ofthe relay chains initiated at the remote location; to preset from the control location the apparatus units to operate from one position to the other; to indicate by a preset lamp at the control location after an apparatus unit has been preset to operate that the same has occurred; to indicate at the control location that each apparatus unit which has been preset to operate to the other position hasstarted to move to such other position by lighting the in-..

dicating lamp corresponding to such other position while the other indicating lamp and the preset lamp remain lighted; to indicate at the control location that each apparatus unit has reached the Jother position by extinguishing the indicating 2: t lamp which corresponds tothe .previous position of the apparatus unit, and also the presetlamp; to provide an alarm at the control location which operates after 4any apparatus unit which was intended to have operated from one position to'another does not do so Within a predetermined in terval; to indicate the particular apparatusunit Which has not completed operation within the predetermined interval by flashing the preset lamp associated therewith, in addition to-giving the alarm signal; to indicate at the control `location if an apparatus unit gat the remote location changes its position as a result of an operation originatingat the remote4 location by flashing the indicating lampeorresponding tothe new position'of the apparatus unit and providingan alarm signal; to provide for stopping fromV the l control location the operation of the apparatus `At the control location, there units that have started to move to alternate positions; and to reset automatically the equipment in the event that an unduly long interval should elapse between variousparts of the sequence of operations. i

Other objects of my invention will, in part, be obvious, and in part appear hereinafter.

The functions of the supervisory control system disclosed herein and embodying my invention are to control thepositioning of valves and supervise the position thereof as Wellas of pump contactors and blower contactors at a remote location. However, the invention is not limited to use in performing these particular functions. It may be employed for remotely controlling the operation of other apparatus such as electric powery circuit `breakers and switches for controlling `the operation of various types of apparatus; the function ing of which itis desired to control remotely. l As indicated hereinbefore, the apparatus in which the present invention is. embodied is capable of functioning either over a circuit comprising a pair of wires or `it can be operated overa radio channel. Codes of impulses similar to the impulses transmitted by the dialr of an automatic `telephone are sent over the signalling uchannel to eiiect control of the apparat-us units or valves at the remote location andto operate the indicating lamps and alarm mechanism at the control location.

.is a small escutcheon plate individual to each apparatus unit, being controlled and/or supervised. On these plates are mounted the required indicating lamps land oontrol keys. Telephone type supervisory` control relaysare employed at the control and remote locations for effecting the operation of the system.

Green' and 'White At the control location, in addition to the escutcheon plates, each individual to an apparatus unit with the indicating lamps and control keys thereon, there are also provided common controls which comprise: An alarm key, reset key, an alarm lamp, a normal lamp, a line alarm lamp, a control key and a stop key.

On the escutcheon plates associated with the apparat-11s unitsthat are controlled and supervised and also on the plates for the apparatus units that are supervised only, there are provided red and green indicating lamps. The. red lampy is lighted Whenever the apparatus unit, which is a valve, is open, or Whenever the apparatusunit,

which may be a pump or. blower. contacter, is, closed. The green lamp is lighted whenever. the

apparatus unit, which is a yalve, ,isclosed or if it is a pump or blower contactor, when it is open.

Whenever one of the apparatus units, such asL a1 Valve or contactor, being supervised, changes Bastien. en alarmbel Hessens analarm ,lamp

, as es. If a valve'has-been openedfor aacontactor aise in essere? to. an.. Operation. initiated ai theremote location, the redlamp associatedwith -tbatpateular deyi'cealso .will flash! 'I'f iheval've i has. beenlsseder a Contester opened. under Similar clrcumstanceshthe. associated greeny lampwill .flash- The operaior ansilene the alarm bell. I tilillQf the. ala'illampld SDD. theaslng 0f dicains, lamp by Operating lanen@ acseirliey- 'The lamps' indicate the apparatus. imiter valve positief; as. fellows.:

' Lamps Lighted Position of the Valve Green Valve fullyclosecl. `R da Valvefullyopen..

Valve closed 'aiidpresct to be opened. Red and White. Valve open and preset to be closed. `Redgand Gti-negen.K I Valve inovillgto op@ .orclose position.

-The red and green indicating lamps at the controllocation always indicate the actual posiytion of` thevalve. regardless of Whether it has been operated-atthe remote location or has been operated as a resultof-anoperation initiated at :.the.. control location. Afterthe valve is opened for-.closed by an operation. initiated at the remote location, the alarmbelliwill'ring and the alarm lamp will flash atthe control location. The red andfgreen indicating lamps associated withthat particular. valve Willchange to indicate its new position. and will ash to indicate the particular valve which has changed its position. The operator at the control location can silence the alarm bell, turn oil the alarm lamp and stop the hash-k vingoflthe indicated .lamp byoperating the alarm key.

In Iorder to preset a valve to move from one position to another the operator turns the control key on the escutcheon plate for that valve to 1 openorclosedposition, as the case may. be. The suprvisorycontrol equipmentat the control location will then start to transmit the necessary codes to operate a preset relay at the remote location, corresponding to the valve selected. When the preset". relay hasl been operated it will report back to the control location and cause the whitepreset lamp for the valve selected to light.

When presettingseveral Valves the operator can turn the controlkeysffor.thesame in rapicLsucl dition tothe l red anddgreenllarnps a white preset i thereto will be extinguished.

After the desired number of valves has been preset to operate to their opposite positions, it is desired to initiate operation thereof to their opposite positions so that their movements will take stances dictate.

place simultaneously., That is, l5 valves, for example,.may.b.e preset to close and 25 valves may bepreset to open. Obviously, other combinations oiy numbers oi Valves can be used, as circumsimultaneously, it is only necessary to operate the control key at the control location. When this is done Athe necessary. Control impulses' are.u transmitted from. the` control location to the remote locationv over thesignalling channel bythe synchronous operationpf the relay chains. As the v alves leavetheprevious positions, each reports tothecontrol location over thesignallingchannel by the synchronous operation of the relay chains, resulting in the lighting of the indication lampofeach valve which corresponds tothe p osition toward which itis moving', the otherA indicating lamp ,remaining liglited.y Thus, WhileI the valves are moving .from one piositionto the other atthe remotelccation, their. redand green indicating lampsat thel control location botlnare lighted. The white preset light associated with each Valve being operated is alsovlighted. As eachvalve reaches its other position, it again reports to the control location to indicate that it has completed its travel.` This is accomplished by extinguishing the white preset light and the indicating lamp corresponding to its previous position.L

. When the control'key is operated, a timer is started which disconnects the alarm bell and v alarm lamp atthetcontrol location, so that they will not'be operated when theyalyes report in ,their changed positions as above outlined. The timer is so adjusted` that the intervalprovided thereby is long enough to permit all of the valves` to completetheir travelandto report the same r yof aboutll() seconds to permit the movement of the` valves and the .transmission ofthe reports .on their new positions. When the timing interval 1 is completed, the circtiits` to, ther alarm. bell vand -the alarm lamp are restoreck.,v

If any valve.which has been preset, fails to op- .erate when thefcontrolikey is operated, or fails to complete itsmovelnentlwithin the predetermined interval; the `white preset lamp associated-therewith' will flash. This flashing will start as soon as the timing mechanism has restored the alarm circuit.

At any time during the interval that `the valves are movingirom-.one position to another, such movement can be arrested by the `operator from the control location. Todo this the operator op- 'crates the, istop. key.` The operator can a :then cause any` ofthevalyes whichhe desires to return to:theiroriginal` positions.. anda-others tocomplete their r travel by operating-f the. Icontrol keys therefor yto the -desiredpositions and Waitingnntil In order to operatev the valves .the preset relays associated therewith al1 have operated; thereafter he operates the control fkey.

It is pointed out that whenevera valve control operation is performed, either the `open or the closedv interposing relay, i. e., therelay which is operated in response tofreceipt of an open or close Vcode combination*` of impulses for eiiectingoperation or the valve, will operate, depending upon the position of the preset relay for each valve. With respect to the valveswhich were not preset fto operate,` the open interposing relay will operate if `the valve is already open and the close interposing relay will operate if it is already closed. Obviously, the operation of these relays will have no effect on the valve.

For a more complete understanding of the nature and scope of this invention, `reference may be had to the following detailed description taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures l through 9, takentogether, illustrate lare both* make'and break contacts.

are indicated as ff3l33a. f In a similar manner the contacts for supervision code control relay. |046 at the remote locationmay beV designated. ..The left hand contacts may be indicated as I046a. When this relay is deenergized, the break contacts are closed,1and are represented by bI046a.

When this relay is energized, these make contacts are closed, and are represented by fI046a.

Where only a make or a break contact is involved, the letter b or f is omitted. Likewise, using time delay relay |052 for example, which has a single set of break contacts, they are referredto only by the reference character for the 20'. relay which also indicates the operating winding. It will be apparent that the context will diagrammatically the equipment which may be Y located at the control location and showing in de-` tail the apparatus or apparatus units for points I through 5 of group I, andindicating the connections for other groups and points or apparatus units therein; l

Figures through 14 illustrate diagrammati-v cally the corresponding equipment at the remote location; and

Figure illustrates how the various figures off.'

the drawings should be arranged in order to form Y y a complete illustration of the system.

Explanation of reference characters In order to identify the particulargure where a device is illustrated in the drawings, the rst digit or digits of each of the reference characters signies the particular iigure where the device. 'Y

referred to will be found. Thus reference ch-ar-` acter 'I3I refers to counting chain relay 13|,

`by relays IIIII, H42 and II43.

Where a deviceis individual to an apparatus unit or point one or more capital letters are em- `green and red indicating lamps.

make clearwhether the reference character in this case refers to either the operating winding orthe contacts of the relay. i

Description of apparatus For illustrative purposes, points 2 and 3 at the control and remote locations are shown in conjunction with supervision'and control equipment. That is, the apparatus unit or valve associated with each of `these points at the remote location can be controlled from the control location and also supervised. For these purposes each of these points is provided with a white preset lamp and It will be recalled that when the green indicating lamp `1s lighted the associated valve is closed, while the red indicating lamp shows that the valve is open. Thesepoints are provided with control keys ICK2 and ICK3, and they are shown in the positions corresponding to the closed positions of the `valves associated therewith.

I. vided with interposing relays for effecting the desired operation of the valves associated therewith. Each point has two intel-posing relays associated therewith, one for closing the valve and the other for opening it. For point 2 they are designated respectively as I3IRC2 and I3IRO2.

Each of points 2 and 3 at the remote location ris provided with auxiliary switch contacts which ployed after the rst digitor digits representing i the number of the ligure where th'e device 'is'` shown. In addition, the number of the point is next employed in the reference character. Thus, point selection relay at the control location for point No. 2 is designated as -3A2, the rst digit `representing Figure 3, the letter A representing the type of device and the last digit representing the point, l

At the remote location the point selection relay for point No. 2 is indicated at I3G2. Therst two digits represent the figure of th'e drawings where this relay is illustrated, the G indicating the type of relay, and the last digit representing the point with which it is associated.

The various` relays are provided with makeyA and/or break contacts, and these contacts are designated by small letters, a, b, c, etc., reading from left to right and top to bottom, as the case Likewise, auxiliary switch contacts I3ASO2 are closed when the valve associated therewith is open and arelclosed when it starts to move from the closed to the open position.

- At the control location, points li and 5 are i1- `lustrated in connection only with the supervision w of the corresponding apparatus unit at the reor stopped.` Point No. I at the control location is employed. for initiating the simultaneous operation of the apparatus, units at the remote location which have been preset to operate. For this purpose a control key ICKI is provided. For stopping any apparats unit,:..once it'shas startedrlto move .and

before.l it :..completesf' its movement;l a: stop:V f. key ISK! Eis.: provided;

.At the-remotedocation, affstop .relay 13S-idear-y ranged; toibe operated .in' responsato the :transmission of ai stop .code'fortopening the' control vcircuiti fon the: 1 valve operating 1 mechanism,=. A 'single `stopirelay .common to all of .thervalvesmay be 'usedor .amelay'r individual Vto` each' valvei can berprovided.` Obviously;y othercircuits f may f be employedffor.. deenergizin'gi thev valve' operating mechanisms .orstoi` arrest their movement,-v as may ,be desired..

Relay functions There :Willa-now. vbeset vforth an outline ofthe relays -.1wl 1ich`i are employed. in. practicing-'1 the present invention, ytogether .with their functions.

Remote Locationl Control Location Figs.

1-9 Figs. 10-14 Function f pleted.

has been sent.

recorded. I

3A] t0 3A5 point :circuits:

, the supervision code.

Line Belau-Connected to `theilinewvires L1. and L2, and `normally. energized; releases When'the line is deenergized by impulsing.. K

Receivingv Relay..-Operatesat the startof an Lncorumg code. Since it is a slow-release relay it wlllnot drop out between impulses but will release only after the code of impulses .iscom- Receiving Drive Relays.-Eiergize"after the first impulse is completed in an incoming code. After selection has been made'andlocked up they release to terminate theireceiving. conditions and release the counting chain.:

Impulse Sending Belau-Operates to` send unpulses by 'deenergizing the line.

Sending `Control Relay.-Controlstlie operation oi thelmpulse Sending Relay 95er 105.

Sending Drive Relays..Energi ze atthestart ol an .outgoing code. After the code is completed they release to terminate tlresendmg'condition and release the counting chain.

Lockout Rehm- Will cause tlieequipment to reset if it should attempt to send or receive more than l0 .impulses in any one code, or ii a group selection code of more than 2 impulsesis received. This relay will also detect the iact that both stations are sending simultaneously and will reset they equipment.

Alarm Rehm-Operates the alannbeliZAB and the alarmlarupZAL.A

Time'Delay Relatie-Operate' inoascade during a'reset operation to delay the' sending relays at the Remote Location and allow the Control Location to cut in and perform anoperation These relays are of the extra-slowrelease type..

Time JDelayy Relay.s.-0peratc in^cascadeto time the automatic reset. These'v relays also time the releaseof the line relay Qi'to give'the line supervision alarm.

Group Stop Relay.Stops the impulsing when the correct number of impulses has been sent in the group selection code.

- Group Code Relay.-Locks up the selected group.

Group Check Relay.-Stops the impuflsing-when-the correct number of impulses has been sent in the group cheek code. y

Point Stop Rehm-Stops theim'pulsing. When'the correct number of impulses has been .sent in thc point selection code.- v

Point Code-Relay.-Locks up the selected-point.

Point Check Reim/. Stopesth'edmpnlsingrwhenitlie correct number of impulses has .been sent in the point check code...

Batterysupervision Belau-Normally held energized and 'releases only .when the control power is shut nii, operates the reset relayiljwhenipower is turned on again.. Start Below-Operate to start auoutgolng operation.. Start-Relay.-0perates to start an 4incoming operatlon.' Check Back ReZay..-Operates to reset theequipment when, unresponse to a previously transmitted selection code, a .diiereut check code is receive Group Selection Control Relay to conneettlie eountingmha' 'eontactsto the coils oi the group selection relays; Point Selection Cantal .Rela/y..-Operates on termination .of anrincoming.pointselechioncodeto connectthe counting chain' contacts to the coils ofthepoint selection'relays. Supervision Control Relay/e.-@peratesontcrmmationoi an incoming supervision code! tof connect the counting chain contacts to the coils oi the indication control relays. vOperation Control Rehn-Operates on termination of an incoming'operationcode to connect the counting rchain conta-cts to'the coils oftheroperationirelays;= Impulse Counting Chain Renga-Relays 731 to 740 ancilll to -1140 operate onsuccessive releasesfof the line relays Qi'and'lol tocountitlie-impulscs: Relays 741-, 742, and 7i3`, and i141, 1142, and 1143 operate in succession-aszthe line relays 9i and 101 are' energized after'each impulse to cause the counting relays to operate in sequence. l .Operation CodeControl Relays.-Relay 745 causes three Vimpulses tc be sent for a stop -code or a preset to open code. Relayjidcausesve impulsesto be sent for-a valve control code or a preset to close code. Relay 947 stops the impulsiug when the correct number of impulses Supervision Code Control Relaysf-Relayioid starts the transmission ofthe supervision code. Relay 1047 stops the impulsrngbwhen the correct number of impulses has bensent. Release .Relay/. Operates to' mitiatereseto the'equipment after the supervision code has been Supervision VCode Control Relays-These relays control the number of impulses to be sent in Relay 11150. operates .Ln .responsc tothe-position of the .preset relay. Relays 1148 and 1149 operate niresponseto thposition. oi thevalve auxiliary switch contacts. Reset Control Relay-initiates and terminates the long reset impulse. ,ResetReZau-Operates undcricontrolol" liuc relay. l to energize the auxiliary'positive battery bus. Indication Control. .Relays.-These.relays operate at-the termination. o1'- the'supervision-code to set upthe proper lamp indication: Relay 552operates on a code of two impulses to give a red and green lamp indication.;-` lainp ,indication when the blower or pump contacter is open or a red lamp-.indication when the .valve is-open. Relay 554 operates on a code of four impulses to give a redandwhite lamp indication. Relay 555 operates'onf'aucode of 5 impulses to' give' a red lamp indication -when the blower or pump contactor is closedfor-a .green 1am-p `indication when the valve isfclosed. Relay 556 operates on a codeof impulsesio give a green and white lamp indication.A Relay 557 conneotstlie contactsy oli indicatienvcontroll relays 552 to 556 to the coilsof the lamp relays. Llmp Flashing Relatie-These relays impulse to flash-any lamp connected to thelamp flashing Relay 5530perates on' acode oi tilrce impulses-to give a green Group CodcrRelays;-These relaysoperatewhencnergized by theipointfcode'relays 1F31, 1F2,

etc., and record the group or tens digit oi the selection code.

GroupCode Helena-These relays operate wlien'energizerl by thespoint coderclays 13K-2, etc.,

and prepare thegroup orltensdigitot the:solection code;

Line Supervision Alarm Beluga-Relay 239 operates in. conjunction with timing relays 811, 812, 813,. 237, and 23S-to sounditlie alarinim'case of line wire failure.' Relay 240 silences the alarm when the alarm key is operated...

Point Selection Beluga-Operate in response to the selection code' and prepare the individual Lamp Flashing.Centrol Relayafoperatetoconnect the indicating lamps'tolthe dashing bus and to' start the fiashing'relays'758, 759 and' 7602-v Lmp Beluga-Relays 3C2to' 3C42a11d 3D5operatethe red lamps; .relays 3D2 to. 313.4 and3C5 operate thegreen 1amps,.and. relays SEZ-BES operate the `white lamps..

Control Location `Figs.

l-9 i i Figs. 10-14 Remote Location Function 1F2 to 1F5---`.

313i.. soi

3D1 1`F`Ci, 1Fs1.

13H2 to iena..-

ism-isis `131m to iena-..

Point Coda and Start Beluga-These relays are normally energized and are released when the control key i s operated to record the point or units digit and also to start the equipment. o Point Snpervzszon Relays-These relays are und er control of the auxiliary switches of the device being supervised and change position for each operation of the device to prepare the equipment to transmit an indication of the operation.

Preset Relays-When these relays are energized the valves individual thereto are preset to close; When these relays are deenergized thevalves are preset to open.

.Point Qode and Start Relays-These relays are normally energized and release whenever the associated valve or preset relay changes position to record the point or units digit of the selection code and to start the equipment to transmit the indication.

Alarm Restoring Belag/. Operates when energized by the time switch 2TS to restore the alarm circuit after the alarm had been cut o during a valve control operation.

' Auxiliary Stopping Falun-Operates on a valve stopping operation to reset the time switch 2TS and restore the alarm circuit.

Alarm Cutout RcZay.-Operates when a valve control operation is performed and disconnects the alarm circuit until released by the time switch ZTS.

Point Code and Start Faluya-Operatewhen energized by the control keys to record the point e'ri, 4T2

Explanation of codes All operations are performed by the control location equipment ,and the remote location equipment alternately transmitting codes of impulses. When ani operation is performed by the operator at the control location,` codes are transmitted as The operationcode is alwaystransmitted by theoontrol equipment. The number of impulses in the operation code depends on the operation being performed and is the same for all apparatusV units, such as valves, being controlled. Theifollowing operation codes are used:

follows: o i Y o T i Operation to be Performed Lumber o! 0 f Impulses Control Location Remote Location 3 1 Transmits Transmits Operate preset relay to preset-to-close posit1on 5 i Operate preset relay to preset-to-open position..... 3

l Group Selection Code Operate valves (.Point 1 only). Y 5 2 Group Check Code. Stop valvesiPoint 1 only) 3 3 Point Selection God Check the position of a device which is supervised 4 4 Point Check Code. 35 only. 1 5 Operation Code 6 Supervision Code.` V i 7 .Reset Code The supervision code `is always transmitted by Whenftheremote location reports an'operation to the controlplocationfcodesare transmitted as follows:

Control Location I I `Remote Location the equipmentat the remote location. The num-` ber ofimpulsesin the supervision c-ode -dependsl on the indication which is being reported to 'theA control location and is the same for all devices I Whose position is supervised. The followingsu-` pervisi-on codes are used: Transmits Transmits Group Selection G0de Indication Being Reported lglegegf 3 Point SelectionCode. TT supervision code. Valve in mid-position L' 2 s Reset code Valve Open i u3 Blower on pump stoppe 3 t t galve opendand preset to close I i t a Ve C OSG L The group and point codes are determined by i Blower or pump running 5 the point assignment number of the device vbe- Valve closed and preset to openm- I I` to 2D inclusive are in group 2 and have a group code' of two impulses, etc. The first point in each group has a point code of one impulse, the sec` ond point in each group has a pointcode of twor impulses, etc. t i

For example, pointI (group I, point lo) has a group code of one impulse and a point code of one impulse. Point 3 (group I, point 3) has a group code of one impulse land a point code of 3 impulses. Point II (group 2; point I) has a group code of two impulses and a point code of one impulse.

In all `cases,vthe check code has the same number of impulses as the associated selection coole.

The reset code always consists of one long mpulse and. is always` transmitted by the control location equipment. i i

Bresettzngand operating calves on points 2 and 3 taneously from one position to the other. How# ever, `in order to condense the description of the system, it will be conned to a detailed out-` line of the manner in which only the valves as- It will be understood that the sequences of 1 operations which are to be described presently; are illustrative ofthe sequences of operations iri-` volved .when a larger number of valves, say 20, 30, or 40, are to be preset and then operated simul-I- sociated with points 2 and 3 are operated simultaneously.

The operations at the control location will beY described as they take place, followed in each case' by the corresponding operations taking place at theremote location and Vice versa, `in setting forth'how the valve on pointl 2 is preset toclose.

Explanation of circuit tracing acters to any of the conductors, aside from the i conductors forming the channel between the llocationsl and indicated by the referencecharacters L| and L2. The circuits will be traced entirely through the usev of battery symbols, the contact members of the relays, controlzkeys, relay windings, and resistors.

No lattempt will be made to describe each circuitias traced by words, but rather only the contact members, relay windings, resistors, etc.; will be employed through the use of symbols.

The-individual resistors Iare indicated by their ohmic values, and these values or numbers will be employed in tracing the circuits therethrough.

At the control location, positive battery is indica-ted 4by a double circle surrounding a plus sign. This'positive battery is connectedL through contacts 95Ib toa positive bus, which is'indicated by a single circle'surrounding a plus sign. At the remote location, the doublecircle' surrounding a plus sign indicates the `positive-of the 48 volt batteryat this)` end of thesystemg Thek single circle surrounding theplus :signindicates a .positive bus which is connected. tothe positive of the '48 voltbattery' through contacts i b,|09a. `In tracing the circuits at the controland remote locations, no attempt will be, made to dis tinguish betweenpositivebattery and Vthe positive bus which is connected,tothepositivebattery through contacts 95 Ib and cl 09a.

For illustrative purposes, the manner in which the ,energizing circuit for'the'winding of start relay 92| will now be traced, and explained, as follows:

This circuit, in words, is as follows: Start relay 92| is energized over a circuit which maybe traced from negative battery through the Ioperatingwinding of start relay 92 |,..the..second,.set of front contacts from the left of group code relay 23I, the' back contacts 'of the v'sixth fset'of contacts from the =left of start relay"923, to positive. batteryy over the second set of contacts from thei-left of normally energized-reset relayI 95|, whichconnects topositive battery.

lt'willbe noted thatthe various indicating lamps are energized from alternating rather than-direct current. The purpose of thisl is to reduce the drain 'onf the battery and tov prolong the life of the lamps. -At the'remote' location the interposing relays are energized'from alternating current. The alternating current-source terminals-are indicated by a single circle surroundinganegative sign, and a doublecircle surrounding a positive sign, eachy also having associated therewith a portion of a sine wave'to'in'dicate that-fan--alternating current source isintended Sincethese circuits are few in number, theywill betraced, generally, by words rather; than "by symbols.

1are energized, as shown inthe drawings.

Presetting valve on point? to close At the control location,v line'relay 9|, reset relay 95 and-battery"supervision" relay-920l are-"energizcd. Point'codeand start relays |F2 and IFB Lamp relay`f3C2=is energized, and the red lamp associated with point 2 is lighted, indicating that the valve associatedwithpoint 2 at the remote loca` tion isfopen. Lamp relay 3D3 is energized and the green' lampof point 3 isf lighted, indicating that the valve `:associated with point 3-at the i remote location is closed.

y.At Vthe remote location, line relay |0| and resetrrelay WSI-are energized. It will be noted .thatsthe line relay 9| at the control location and the 'linerelay I 0| atthe remote location areenergized in series throughhreak contacts f of impulse sendingrelays'95- andV |05 at the control and remote locations respectively, and that the line relaysare energized from the 48 volt battery at the remote` location. "Point code and start relays |'3K2 and. |31K3at the remote location are wenergized. `Point :supervision #relays i|3H2 and |'3H3y alsorare energized. Preset'relay |3J2 isideenergized whilepreset relay |3J 3 is energized. Auxiliary switch' contacts |3ASC2-bare open while contacts I3ASO2 are closed. Auxiliary switch contacts |3ASC3 :are closed, -w-hile lcontacts |3ASO3 aref open.

The `operator now moves the'control key I CK2 tothe position shown in the drawings, in order to preset vthi-:valve,associated with point"2 at the y remote location to operate. from the open'tofthe closed'position. Atcontacts ICKZmthe `energizingrcircuit? for the upper winding uof relay |l2` is opened, and this relay is deenergized. At contactsLblFZa, an obvious energizing circuit is completedfor energizing rgroupfcoderelay 23|.

Start `relays-92| and1922 are-energized as follows:

Impulse'-serrding'relay 95 ishow energized to openlthe line-circuit and thereby transmitthe group selection codey which inthe caselassume'd is one impulse, i, e.,"one"deenergizationof theline circuit.

"The energization of sending control relay 96 completes an obvious circuit for energizing sending 'drive relays '91 and .98.

The energization of impulse sending relay '.95 opens" the line circuit at the control location and line relay 9| is deenergized.

At contacts9lla an energizing circuit for time delay relay 8H is completed. `As a result, time delay relays 8l2,8 |3,.23'|.and 238 are sequentially energized. The deenergization of line'relay 9| opens the previously tracedenergizing circuit for impulse sending relay 95, and it is deenergized, but .doesnot drop immediately. .'Anotherv'result of the deenergization` of linesrelay-9l is-to energizev counting chain relay 13|. 

